Aluminium is a chemical element grouped under the boron group. It is also spelt as aluminium and its chemical symbol is Al while the atomic number is 13. Physical properties include silvery color, softness, and considerable ductility. Aluminium has high abundance in terms of the composition of the crust of the earth and it comes third after oxygen and silicon. Aluminum in NJ does not occur in its native form because it is highly reactive.
Under natural situations, the ore exists as a mixture of more than 270 other minerals. Bauxite is the primary ore. The most significant characteristics of the substance are low density and resistance to corrosion. Low density is useful in the construction of aircrafts and structural components. Rusting does not occur in the metal rendering it useful in several industries.
In NJ, aluminium is produced through a couple of ways. The most used industrial method is referred to as Hall-Heroult process. Other methods include electrolytic smelting of alumina and indirect carbothermic reduction. Indirect carbothermic reduction method is more effective though it is not yet fully developed. It requires less energy and produces less Carbon monoxide gas compared to the Hall-Heroult process.
Hall-Heroult process involves dissolving alumina into molten cryolite with calcium fluoride. When aluminium dissolves in the electrolyte, it dissociates releasing its ions to move around freely. The resultant compound is then reduced electrolytically into aluminium. The reduction process takes place within the temperature range of 950 and 980 degrees Celsius. Aluminium ions are reduced allowing the metal to sink at the bottom of the compound. The Hall-Heroult process was a replacement for the Wohler process, which used potassium to reduce anhydrous aluminum chloride.
This method requires large amounts of energy, but its use cannot be abandoned because it provides the most ecologically and economically viable option. The metal can be recycled up to one hundred percent and its properties do not get lost upon recycling. The increased production of beverage cans in NJ in late 1960s made recycling a very important activity. Recycling entails melting scrap to create pure metal and an ash-like deposit called dross. With further processing the element can be derived from dross.
Recycled metal is called secondary aluminum although its properties and applications are the same as those of the primary form. To enhance mechanical properties of this metal, it is mostly used in form of an alloy with other materials. The alloys may comprise of silicon, zinc, manganese, copper, and magnesium. Major applications include manufacture of transport vessels like trucks, railway cars, aircrafts and marine vessels.
Other applications are in industries like packaging, construction, household items, lighting, engineering, insulation, electronics, and power distribution among others. Hydrogen gas can also be produced by reacting the metal with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. The powdered form is also an important additive in paints, thermite, and solid rocket fuels. Some countries issue currencies that are products of aluminium or its alloys.
Research has not shown any severe medical concerns resulting from consuming small amounts. Consuming large quantities however might cause neurotoxicity and other problems in the nervous system and brain. When people who are allergic make contact with it, they may experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, and vomiting.
Under natural situations, the ore exists as a mixture of more than 270 other minerals. Bauxite is the primary ore. The most significant characteristics of the substance are low density and resistance to corrosion. Low density is useful in the construction of aircrafts and structural components. Rusting does not occur in the metal rendering it useful in several industries.
In NJ, aluminium is produced through a couple of ways. The most used industrial method is referred to as Hall-Heroult process. Other methods include electrolytic smelting of alumina and indirect carbothermic reduction. Indirect carbothermic reduction method is more effective though it is not yet fully developed. It requires less energy and produces less Carbon monoxide gas compared to the Hall-Heroult process.
Hall-Heroult process involves dissolving alumina into molten cryolite with calcium fluoride. When aluminium dissolves in the electrolyte, it dissociates releasing its ions to move around freely. The resultant compound is then reduced electrolytically into aluminium. The reduction process takes place within the temperature range of 950 and 980 degrees Celsius. Aluminium ions are reduced allowing the metal to sink at the bottom of the compound. The Hall-Heroult process was a replacement for the Wohler process, which used potassium to reduce anhydrous aluminum chloride.
This method requires large amounts of energy, but its use cannot be abandoned because it provides the most ecologically and economically viable option. The metal can be recycled up to one hundred percent and its properties do not get lost upon recycling. The increased production of beverage cans in NJ in late 1960s made recycling a very important activity. Recycling entails melting scrap to create pure metal and an ash-like deposit called dross. With further processing the element can be derived from dross.
Recycled metal is called secondary aluminum although its properties and applications are the same as those of the primary form. To enhance mechanical properties of this metal, it is mostly used in form of an alloy with other materials. The alloys may comprise of silicon, zinc, manganese, copper, and magnesium. Major applications include manufacture of transport vessels like trucks, railway cars, aircrafts and marine vessels.
Other applications are in industries like packaging, construction, household items, lighting, engineering, insulation, electronics, and power distribution among others. Hydrogen gas can also be produced by reacting the metal with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. The powdered form is also an important additive in paints, thermite, and solid rocket fuels. Some countries issue currencies that are products of aluminium or its alloys.
Research has not shown any severe medical concerns resulting from consuming small amounts. Consuming large quantities however might cause neurotoxicity and other problems in the nervous system and brain. When people who are allergic make contact with it, they may experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, and vomiting.
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